What is Kubernetes?

Kubernetes is a container management technology that we use for handling containerized applications in various types of platforms like physical, cloud, and virtual infrastructure. Kubernetes is a freeware system that assists in handling and creating containerization of applications. In this What is Kubernetes article, you will learn about the different functionalities and features of Kubernetes.

Basic Concepts of Kubernetes

In this What is Kubernetes blog, we will discuss the following topics.                       

• What is Kubernetes?
• Need of Kubernetes
• Kubernetes Architecture
• What is a Container Orchestration System?
• How does Kubernetes work?
• Kubernetes Advantages
• Kubernetes Deployment
• Kubernetes Dashboard
• Conclusion

What is a Kubernetes?

Kubernetes is a freeware container management software that is held by CNCF(Cloud Native Computing Foundation). Kubernetes is also called an improved edition of Borg. Kubernetes is developed by Google for handling both lengthy and batch processes. Kubernetes has the ability to automate the deployment, resizing application, etc.     

[Related Article: Kubernetes Tutorial]     

Need of Kubernetes

To satisfy the evolving business requirements, we should have the ability to quickly develop new services and applications. We can start cloud development in microservices containers that allow rapid development and renders it simpler to optimize and transform the available applications. Production applications extend different containers, and we deploy the containers throughout different server hosts. Kubernetes Provides you with the management and orchestration ability need to deploy containers.

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Kubernetes Architecture

Kubernetes adopts Client-Server Architecture. We install Kubernetes on a single machine and node on distinct Linux systems. The components of Kubernetes Master Machines are as follows:

1. etcd

Etcd saves the configuration data that every node of the cluster uses. It is an extremely accessible key-value save that we distribute among different nodes. It is accessible only when Kubernetes API Server.

2. API Server

Kubernetes is considered an API Server that provides every operation on the cluster through the API.  API Server executes an interface that indicates different Tools are ready to communicate.

3. Control Manager

The Control Manager is accountable for collectors that control the status of the information and executes a task. We consider the task as a daemon that executes in an interminable loop and accountable to collect and send information to the API Server.

 4. Scheduler

The scheduler is the essential component of the Kubernetes master. It is regarded as a service in master accountable for sharing the workload.

[Related Article: Kubernetes Architecture]

What is a Container Orchestration System?

Container Orchestration handles the life cycles of the containers, specifically in big dynamic environments. Software teams employ container orchestration for controlling and automating different tasks like:

• Supplying and Implementing Containers

• Accessibility and duplication of Containers

• Assigning resources among Containers

Node Components of Kubernetes

Following are the important components of the Node that are required to interact with Kubernetes Master:

1. Docker

For every node, we require the Docker component and it helps in executing the containers of the encapsulated applications.

2. Kubelet Service

Kubelet Service is a tiny service that is accountable to retransmit the data from and controlling pane service. It communicates with “etcd” stores for reading configuration details and master values. 

3. Kubernetes Proxy Service

The Kubernetes Proxy Service runs on every node and assists in building services accessible to the explicit host. It assists in sending the requirement to appropriate containers and has the ability to perform basic load balancing.

How Does Kubernetes work

The Kubernetes deployment that we work on is called a cluster. In the Kubernetes cluster, we can see two parts: 1) Control Pane 2) Nodes or Computer Systems.

1. Nodes

Every Node contains an individual Linux environment and it can be a virtual and physical system. Every node implements pods, and they are built from containers.

2. Control Pane

Control Pane is accountable for handling the required condition of the cluster, like the applications we run and the container images we use.  Computer systems implement the workloads and applications. The control pane of Kubernetes takes commands from the administrator and transmits those commands to the computer systems.

The required state of the Kubernetes cluster specifies which workloads or applications must be running, together with the images we use. From an infrastructure perspective, we can see slight changes in handling containers. We control the containers at a higher level and in a better way. 

Working with Kubernetes includes configuring Kubernetes and specifying pods, containers, and nodes inside them. Kubernetes manage container orchestration.

[Related Article: Overview of Kubernetes]

Kubernetes Advantages

The main advantages of Kubernetes are as follows:

1. Extraordinary Architecture

The architecture of Kubernetes is mature and demonstrates architecture. The design of Kubernetes architecture is built by Google engineers who have experience in maintaining and building container platforms.

2. Abundant Feature Collection and Application support

Comparing with the rest of the container management systems(CMS). Kubernetes has an abundant feature set.

3 Open Source and Portable

We can deploy Kubernetes on any platform. Through Kubernetes, we can run the containers in different cloud environments. As Kubernetes is compatible with different platforms, we can avoid cloud providers and infrastructure lock-in.

4. High Accessibility

Kubernetes can handle the accessibility of infrastructure and applications and makes it essential while deploying containers in Health Checks and Self Healing of the containerized applications.

5. Developed to Deploy

Containerisation has the ability to accelerate the development, testing, and deployment of the software. Like other containerization platforms, Kubernetes also has the ability to provide features like 

• Automating rollbacks and rollouts: If we need to roll out the latest version of the application, Kubernetes will do it without any downtime.

• Canary Deployments: Canary Deployments will allow you to test the latest deployment in production concurrently with the previous edition.

• Framework Support or Programming Languages: Kubernetes Supports various frameworks and programming languages like java, .Net, Go, etc.

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Kubernetes Deployment

In Kubernetes, Deployment gives assertive updates for ReplicaSets and Pods. The Deployment Controller alters the current state to the required state at a moderate rate. Through Deployments, we can create fresh ReplicaSets or we can remove available Deployments.

Creating a Deployment using Kubectl

Kubectl utilizes Kubernetes API for communicating with the cluster. Through the Kubectl commands, we can create the deployments that implement the applications on the Kubernetes cluster.

Change the Deployment

1. Update: We can Update the present deployment before its completion. We settle the existing deployment and create a new deployment.

2. Rollback: We may rollback the ongoing deployment or previous deployment. 

3. Delete: We may cancel or pause the deployment by deleting the deployment before its completion.

Kubernetes Dashboard

In Kubernetes, Dashboard serves as a user interface. For deploying the containerized applications on a Kubernetes cluster. We can use the dashboard to fetch the outline of the application, and also to create or alter particular Kubernetes resources.

With the help of the Kubernetes Dashboard, we can extend the deployment, Start rolling updates, etc.

Installing Kubernetes Dashboard through Kubectl

By using the following command, we can install the dashboard

Accessing Dashboards through Kubectl

To secure the data of the cluster, we deploy the dashboard with the least RBAC Configuration. By executing the following command, we can access the Dashboard through the command-line tool of kubectl:

Kubectl proxy

[Related Article: Kubernetes Interview Questions]

Containerized Applications Deployment through Dashboard

The dashboard allows us to deploy and create containerized applications. By clicking on the “create” button of any page, we can start the creation of containerized applications. In the deploy wizard, we have to specify the following application details:

1. Application Name(required):  For deploying the containerized application, we must specify the name of the application. After specifying the name, we will add the label with the name to the service and deployment.

2. Container image: We must specify the URL of the public docker container image over the registry. We must add a colon at the end of the container image.

3. Pods: We should specify the required number of pods in which you need to deploy the application. 

4. Service: To some sections, we need to reveal service over an external cluster.

5. Description: We must add the details of the applications in the deployment wizard.

6. Namespace: In Kubernetes, we will have some virtual clusters and they are called Namespaces. Namespaces split the resources into logical groups. 

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Conclusion:

Kubernetes is a freeware platform that handles containerized workloads and services. Through Kubernetes, we can automate the process of application development. I hope this What is Kubernetes article provides you with the required information about Kubernetes.

If you have any queries, let us know by commenting in the below section.